Pacman

是Archlinux默认的包管理器. 由社区维护的包管理器(pacman增强版, 能够下载更多的pkg)是paru.

Manual Install

一个包中只少包含PKGBUILD文件, 这个文件中配置了如何下载/编译/安装一个软件. 使用makepkg来安装一个包:

cd <path/to/pkg>
sudo makepkg -si

社区包可以通过Git Clone的方式下载:

git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/<pkg_name>

Pacman Config

镜像源配置文件位于/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist, 编辑这个文件以添加镜像:

Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

完整的 pacman.conf

#
# /etc/pacman.conf
#
# See the pacman.conf(5) manpage for option and repository directives

#
# GENERAL OPTIONS
#
[options]
# The following paths are commented out with their default values listed.
# If you wish to use different paths, uncomment and update the paths.
#RootDir     = /
#DBPath      = /var/lib/pacman/
#CacheDir    = /var/cache/pacman/pkg/
#LogFile     = /var/log/pacman.log
#GPGDir      = /etc/pacman.d/gnupg/
#HookDir     = /etc/pacman.d/hooks/
HoldPkg     = pacman glibc
#XferCommand = /usr/bin/curl -L -C - -f -o %o %u
#XferCommand = /usr/bin/wget --passive-ftp -c -O %o %u
#CleanMethod = KeepInstalled
Architecture = auto

# Pacman won't upgrade packages listed in IgnorePkg and members of IgnoreGroup
IgnorePkg   = linuxqq typora
#IgnoreGroup =

#NoUpgrade   =
#NoExtract   =

# Misc options
#UseSyslog
Color
#NoProgressBar
CheckSpace
#VerbosePkgLists
ParallelDownloads = 5
DownloadUser = alpm
#DisableSandbox
ILoveCandy

# By default, pacman accepts packages signed by keys that its local keyring
# trusts (see pacman-key and its man page), as well as unsigned packages.
SigLevel    = Required DatabaseOptional
LocalFileSigLevel = Optional
#RemoteFileSigLevel = Required

# NOTE: You must run `pacman-key --init` before first using pacman; the local
# keyring can then be populated with the keys of all official Arch Linux
# packagers with `pacman-key --populate archlinux`.

#
# REPOSITORIES
#   - can be defined here or included from another file
#   - pacman will search repositories in the order defined here
#   - local/custom mirrors can be added here or in separate files
#   - repositories listed first will take precedence when packages
#     have identical names, regardless of version number
#   - URLs will have $repo replaced by the name of the current repo
#   - URLs will have $arch replaced by the name of the architecture
#
# Repository entries are of the format:
#       [repo-name]
#       Server = ServerName
#       Include = IncludePath
#
# The header [repo-name] is crucial - it must be present and
# uncommented to enable the repo.
#

# The testing repositories are disabled by default. To enable, uncomment the
# repo name header and Include lines. You can add preferred servers immediately
# after the header, and they will be used before the default mirrors.

#[core-testing]
#Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

[core]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

#[extra-testing]
#Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

[extra]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

# If you want to run 32 bit applications on your x86_64 system,
# enable the multilib repositories as required here.

#[multilib-testing]
#Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

# An example of a custom package repository.  See the pacman manpage for
# tips on creating your own repositories.
#[custom]
#SigLevel = Optional TrustAll
#Server = file:///home/custompkgs

Pacman Usage

安装

sudo pacman -S <pkg_name>

更新packages索引

sudo pacman -Sy

滚动更新所有packages

sudo pacman -Syyu

卸载

sudo pacman -Rsn <pkg_name>

强制卸载(ignore dependency):

Danger

this may cause lots of error.

please make sure you clearly know what you are doing

sudo pacman -Rdd <pkg_name>

清理缓存

sudo pacman -Scc

在线搜索 (search all pkgs):

pacman -Ss <pkg_name>

本地搜索 (with locally installed pkgs):

pacman -Qs <pkg_name>

Paru

是Pacman的增强版, 不仅包含了Pacman的官方源, 还包含了所有的社区维护的软件

用法与Pacman Usage相同, 参数完全一致

Install

下载PKGBUILD:

git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/paru

进入文件夹, 安装paru:

cd <path/to/paru/repo>
sudo makepkg -si

过程中会自动下载依赖, 包括 go 语言的支持. 注意版本冲突